“Increased police scrutiny of their criminal activities would have produced a much greater deterrent effect,” Valasik and Reid write. “Instead, the lack of acknowledging the Proud Boys’ violent criminal behavior only emboldened them further.”
Matthew Valasik and Shannon Reid
Matthew Valasik, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice at The University of Alabama. His primary research interests are the socio-spatial dynamics of gang behavior and problem-oriented policing strategies (e.g., gang units and civil gang injunctions) used by law enforcement. Shannon Reid, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at University of North Carolina at Charlotte.